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Impact of Bt cotton on pesticide poisoning in smallholder agriculture: A panel data analysis

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Originalmeldung von Shahzad Kousera und Matin Qaim, ScienceDirect | Elsevier Properties S.A.
Original-URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800911002400
In einer neuen wissenschatlichen Studie wird dargelegt, wie der Einsatz von Bt-Baumwolle in Indien zu einer starken Reduktion von Pflanzenschutzmitteln und damit auch zur Gesundheitsförderung der Landwirte beiträgt.

Abstract

While substantial research on the productivity and profit effects of Bt cotton has been carried out recently, the economic evaluation of positive and negative externalities has received much less attention. Here, we focus on farmer health impacts resulting from Bt-related changes in chemical pesticide use. Previous studies have documented that Bt cotton has reduced the problem of pesticide poisoning in developing countries, but they have failed to account for unobserved heterogeneity between technology adopters and non-adopters. We use unique panel survey data from India to estimate unbiased effects and their developments over time. Bt cotton has reduced pesticide applications by 50%, with the largest reductions of 70% occurring in the most toxic types of chemicals. Results of fixed-effects Poisson models confirm that Bt has notably reduced the incidence of acute pesticide poisoning among cotton growers. These effects have become more pronounced with increasing technology adoption rates. Bt cotton now helps to avoid several million cases of pesticide poisoning in India every year, which also entails sizeable health cost savings...